Petroleum-based chemicals, commonly used in dry cleaning, pose significant health and environmental risks. These solvents, including perchloroethylene (PERC) and various hydrocarbon solvents, are linked to numerous adverse effects on human health and the environment.
Health Risks of Petroleum-Based Chemicals
Toxicity and Carcinogenicity
PERC is the most widely used dry cleaning solvent and has been classified as a probable human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) due to its association with various cancers, particularly lung and bladder cancer23. Studies have shown that prolonged exposure to PERC can lead to severe health issues, including liver and kidney damage, respiratory problems, and neurological effects such as cognitive decline and mood disorders26. Furthermore, PERC can enter the body through inhalation or skin contact, raising concerns for both workers in dry cleaning facilities and customers who frequently wear dry-cleaned clothes12.
Short-Term Effects
Immediate symptoms of exposure can include skin irritation, headaches, dizziness, and respiratory issues like coughing or difficulty breathing2. These effects are particularly pronounced in poorly ventilated areas where these chemicals are used, putting workers at higher risk due to their regular exposure12.
Environmental Impact
Petroleum-based solvents can contaminate soil and groundwater if improperly disposed of or leaked during the cleaning process. This contamination poses risks not only to drinking water supplies but also to agricultural practices, affecting food safety23. The persistence of these chemicals in the environment means they can accumulate over time, leading to long-term ecological damage that impacts wildlife and plant life2.
Misleading Marketing of "Organic" Dry Cleaning
The term "organic" in the context of dry cleaning is often misleading. While petroleum-based solvents are technically organic (as they contain carbon), they are marketed as environmentally friendly despite being toxic. This classification can obscure the true risks associated with their use13. Many consumers are unaware that "green" or "organic" labels do not necessarily mean that harmful chemicals are absent; instead, they may refer to a broader definition that includes any carbon-containing substances1.
Conclusion
In summary, petroleum-based chemicals used in dry cleaning present serious health risks, including cancer and organ damage, alongside significant environmental hazards. The marketing of these solvents as "organic" or "green" can mislead consumers about their safety. Awareness of these issues is crucial for making informed choices about dry cleaning services and advocating for safer alternatives in the industry.